计算机科学引论（2021英文精编版） pdf下载

1 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, THE INTERNET, AND YOU 2
Introduction 4
Information Systems 4
People 6
Software 7
System Software 7
Application Software 8
Making IT work for you: Free Antivirus Program 9
Hardware 10
Types of Computers 10
Cell Phones 11
Personal Computer Hardware 11
Data 13
Connectivity and the Mobile Internet 14
Careers in IT 15
A Look to the Future: Using and Understanding Information Technology 16
Visual Summary 17
Key Terms 20
Multiple Choice 21
Matching 22
Open-Ended 22
Discussion 23
2 THE INTERNET, THE WEB, AND ELECTRONIC COMMERCE 24
Introduction 26
The Internet and the Web 26
Making IT work for you: Online Entertainment 28
Internet Access 30
Providers 30
Browsers 30
Web Utilities 32
Filters 32
File Transfer Utilities 32
Internet Security Suites 33
Communication 34
Social Networking 34
Blogs, Microblogs, Podcasts, and Wikis 35
Messaging 36
E-mail 37
Search Tools 39
Search Engines 39
Content Evaluation 39
Electronic Commerce 40
Security 41
Cloud Computing 42
The Internet of Things 43
Careers in IT 44
A Look to the Future: Home Smart Home 45
Visual Summary 46
Key Terms 50
Multiple Choice 51
Matching 52
Open-Ended 52
Discussion 53
3 APPLICATION SOFTWARE 54
Introduction 56
Application Software 56
User Interface 56
Common Features 58
General-Purpose Applications 58
Word Processors 58
Spreadsheets 61
Presentation Software 63
Database Management Systems 64
Specialized Applications 65
Graphics Programs 65
Video Game Design Software 66
Web Authoring Programs 67
Other Specialized Applications 68
Mobile Apps 68
Apps 68
App Stores 69
Software Suites 70
Office Suites 70
Cloud Computing 70
Specialized and Utility Suites 70
Careers in IT 71
Making IT work for you: Cloud Office Suites 72
A Look to the Future: VR and AR Applications in the Workplace 74
Visual Summary 75
Key Terms 78
Multiple Choice 79
Matching 80
Open-Ended 80
Discussion 81
4 SYSTEM SOFTWARE 82
Introduction 84
System Software 84
Operating Systems 85
Functions 85
Features 86
Categories 87
Mobile Operating Systems 88
Desktop Operating Systems 89
Windows 89
macOS 89
UNIX and Linux 90
Virtualization 90
Utilities 91
Making IT work for you: Virtual Assistant 92
Operating System Utilities 94
Utility Suites 97
Careers in IT 97
A Look to the Future: Making Better Computers by Making Them More Human 98
Visual Summary 99
Key Terms 102
Multiple Choice 103
Matching 104
Open-Ended 104
Discussion 105
5 THE SYSTEM UNIT 106
Introduction 108
System Unit 108
Smartphones 108
Tablets 108
Laptops 109
Desktops 109
Making IT work for you: Gaming 110
Wearable Computers 112
Components 112
System Board 113
Microprocessor 114
Microprocessor Chips 115
Specialty Processors 115
Memory 116
RAM 116
ROM 116
Flash Memory 116
Expansion Cards and Slots 117
Bus Lines 118
Expansion Buses 118
Ports 119
Standard Ports 119
Specialized Ports 119
Cables 120
Power Supply 120
Electronic Data and Instructions 121
Numeric Representation 121
Character Encoding 122
Careers in IT 123
A Look to the Future: Brain–Computer Interfaces 124
Visual Summary 125
Key Terms 128
Multiple Choice 129
Matching 130
Open-Ended 130
Discussion 131
6 INPUT AND OUTPUT 132
Introduction 134
What Is Input? 134
Keyboard Entry 134
Keyboards 135
Pointing Devices 136
Touch Screen 136
Mouse 136
Game Controllers 136
Scanning Devices 137
Optical Scanners 137
Card Readers 138
Bar Code Readers 138
RFID Readers 138
Character and Mark Recognition Devices 139
Image Capturing Devices 139
Digital Cameras 139
Webcams 140
Audio-Input Devices 140
Voice Recognition Systems 140
What Is Output? 141
Monitors 141
Features 141
Flat-Panel Monitors 142
E-book Readers 142
Other Monitors 143
Printers 144
Features 144
Inkjet Printers 145
Laser Printers 145
3D Printers 145
Other Printers 145
Audio-Output Devices 146
Combination Input and Output Devices 146
Headsets 146
Multifunctional Devices 147
Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Displays and Controllers 147
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